[PATCH] src: rethrow stack overflow exceptions in async_hooks

[PATCH] src: rethrow stack overflow exceptions in async_hooks

When a stack overflow exception occurs during async_hooks callbacks
(which use TryCatchScope::kFatal), detect the specific "Maximum call
stack size exceeded" RangeError and re-throw it instead of immediately
calling FatalException. This allows user code to catch the exception
with try-catch blocks instead of requiring uncaughtException handlers.

The implementation adds IsStackOverflowError() helper to detect stack
overflow RangeErrors and re-throws them in TryCatchScope destructor
instead of calling FatalException.

This fixes the issue where async_hooks would cause stack overflow
exceptions to exit with code 7 (kExceptionInFatalExceptionHandler)
instead of being catchable.

Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/37989
Ref: https://hackerone.com/reports/3456295
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs-private/node-private/pull/773
Refs: https://hackerone.com/reports/3456295
Reviewed-By: Robert Nagy <ronagy@icloud.com>
Reviewed-By: Paolo Insogna <paolo@cowtech.it>
Reviewed-By: Marco Ippolito <marcoippolito54@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Rafael Gonzaga <rafael.nunu@hotmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
CVE-ID: CVE-2025-59466

Gbp-Pq: Topic sec
Gbp-Pq: Name 37-rethrow-stack-overflow-exceptions-in-async-hooks.patch